Intercultural Marriage Essay

Similarly as some of Asian ladies are anxious to have a Western life-accomplice, which is known as a sentimental accomplice, some of Western men likewise wanted an Asian life accomplice since they thought an Asian spouse is dependable to their future family. Things are flawless in our creative mind, yet it changes when we stand up to the real world. Marriage isn't just unification between a male and female who love one another, yet additionally a dedication between two individuals to acknowledge and to energize each other regardless of in delight or distress. Before there were just minor couples that had boldness to take an intercultural marriage since its excessively unsafe. All things considered, these days the quantity of intercultural relationships have been expanded because of the ease of migration. There are numerous troubles of an intercultural marriage, for example, living condition (style), correspondence and approach to bring youngsters up. The main trouble of an intercultural marriage is the living condition. Wedding somebody from an alternate culture is by no means equivalent to wedding somebody from same culture. Each nation has its own living style and various propensities too. Individuals who experience childhood in an alternate culture have various foundations and perspectives concerning family. A few societies consider their family significant while a few societies don’t. For example, Asian individuals are instructed to regard their folks despite the fact that they previously got hitched. Despite what might be expected, Western young people for the most part go out and like to live with their darlings at their 20s. In some cases, these individuals’ families request a lot on their child/little girl in law which is awkward. For example, when the Chinese New Year comes, the family from the spouse and husband will gather together. It’s effectively a convention that the most seasoned son’s spouse needs to get ready everything like cooking for the huge family, cleaning and setting the house and so forth, which is tiring and hard. Issue is caused when either side doesn’t consent to perform the responsibility. These things for the most part will make clashes the marriage life. In short, despite the fact that living style is a little issue, it’s too delicate that contentions could happen between the couple. The second impediment that an intercultural marriage couple may experience is correspondence. Correspondence is a basic part in each relationship. Because of the way that an intercultural marriage couple communicates in various mother language, absence of language is the principal issue to exist in their lives. For this situation, a couple regularly will decide to a communicate in notable language, English. Communicating in a subsequent language is problematic; we aren’t ready to communicate our actual sentiments, there would be a few words that we couldn’t decipher into English appropriately. For example, when couple having battle, clear clarification is the best thing to end the squabble. Utilizing a subsequent language, we can’t in reality express something effectively and legitimately. Once in a while since we need to think what is the word in English which is make us touchy and get angrier. In view of this explanation the fight is gotten most noticeably awful. For Language issue could lead the couples to misconception that caused a squabble. At long last, at times absence of language may be the most ruinous thing to an intercultural marriage. The third hindrance that an intercultural marriage may experience is about how they will bring their kids up. For this issue, guardians need to meet an understanding; regardless of whether they will bring up the youngsters as a bilingual or not, whose culture they need to stress in the family and so forth. For example, in our nation, when we are eating with guardians or with somebody who more seasoned than us we need to express authorization to begin eating the food. Despite what might be expected, in the U. S we don’t need to do that, we can eat without having authorization from the others. At that point, not the same as the U. S, in my nation it’s extremely ill bred to go into someone’s house without removing our shoes. Some various societies have distinctive propensity, at times life partner begin censuring one and another about their outside propensity which is unsavory to be seen by the kids. Guardians additionally need to choose which language will the ki ds talk. Each parent needs their youngsters to have the option to communicate in their local language, it would carry pride to them. On the off chance that they can’t meet an understanding, at that point it would be a war in their lives. Taking everything into account, there are a great deal of hindrances in intercultural marriage that he couple couldn’t stay away from. Marriage is certifiably not a basic activity, we don’t must be hustle on settling on the choice. All of individuals have a similar expectation that wedded just once in a blue moon and have a cheerful presence. We need to think the advantages and the difficulties of an intercultural marriage however much as could reasonably be expected. There are three most regular hindrances in actuality; way of life, correspondence and strategy to bring up their kids. Individuals may think those things are little issues, yet some of the time those issues could split the couples up.

Corporate governance in Olympus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate administration in Olympus - Essay Example This must be started since the organization was having any kind of effect in the market with remarkable potential offer. In 1950, Olympus began the enhancement of its item contributions in clinical frameworks, social insurance hardware, and afterward pushing ahead to SLR cameras and world’s first Microcassette recorder (Olympus Imaging America Inc., 2012). As a profoundly imaginative organization depending on its capacity to give more an incentive for its clients, Olympus kept reacting to the market’s requirements for items, for example, â€Å"clinical blood analysers, ground-breaking magnifying lens frameworks, and advancement computerized cameras† (Olympus Imaging America Inc., 2012). Following 93 years, today, Olympus is by all accounts so pleased about its accomplishment from the past until at present while it keeps on making a similar energy in delivering its item contributions and making an incentive for clients through its elevated requirement quality item and administration commitments in the market. From a straightforward magnifying lens, the world’s requirements for clinical hardware moved to a better quality. Olympus at that point began to deliver items like â€Å"acoustic magnifying instruments, ultrasonic endoscopes, reagent AIDS discovery, computerized voice recorders, and top rated camera like the Infinity Stylus† (Olympus Imaging America Inc., 2012). Olympus along these lines gives types of gear and gadgets to clinical and social insurance, imaging and data, and mechanical applications (Datamonitor: Business Information Center, 2007). Olympus is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan while the remainder of its satellites or branches are arranged in Europe, Asia and Americas. It has incorporated structure, meaning to deliver new inventive thoughts, mechanical headway, and better than the-other-assembling execution, reliably. The organization is composed into various fragment divisions, for example, imaging framework business, clinical frameworks business, life science business, data and correspondence business and different organizations (Datamonitor: Business

Spot The Difference Attitudes towards people onwelfare benefit in the 19th and 21st centuries

To be sure about the individuals who get government assistance benefits, it is important to partition everybody into classes. Regardless of whether individuals will not concede they are in a ‘class' there are away from of what class they have a place with. This division that is as yet dynamic presently, was much increasingly operational in the nineteenth century. It was a lifestyle that the higher you were in the social class and chain of importance, at that point the more fruitful and prosperous you were to become throughout everyday life. It was additionally a few times an instance of where you lived. It was Charles Booth that set apart on maps of London where every social class lived. Spots like Mile End Road and Orsman Road contained the ‘vicious poor', the individuals at the base of the chain of importance. They were marked as; ‘The most minimal class which comprises of some incidental workers, road merchants, loafers, hoodlums and semi-lawbreakers. Their life is the life of savages, with changes of outrageous hardship and their solitary extravagance is drink.' In spite of the fact that this may appear that Booth is being ‘snobbish', it was noticed that Booth had compassion toward poor people. He worked with the lower class, and revealed that it wasn't constantly important to have cash to be cheerful. He depicted that despite the fact that the poor were bound to kick the bucket of malady and less inclined to endure, he imagined that they were by all accounts more joyful, without medical attendants and workers and so on. That the rich are bound to experience the ill effects of being ruined than from brutality, ‘that the straightforward common existences of regular workers individuals watch out for their own and their kids' bliss more than the counterfeit convoluted presence of the hazard.' Presently in the 21st century, these locational partitions are still set up, in spite of the fact that the areas of the ‘vicious' poor have changed. While it is increasingly observable in the nineteenth century maps, the privileged and lower class for all intents and purposes one next to the other, it is conceivable that individuals were all the more ready to endure one another, these days there are all the more clear divisions. This change could be because of individuals' resilience and disposition towards various classes. Be that as it may, it appears to be progressively clear that there are various mentalities towards social classes. As a rule, individuals aren't eager to live approach individuals of a lower class, places like board homes oblige individuals of a similar status, yet they are set up to pay charges towards their government assistance and advantages. During the 1800's the states of the workhouses, and the ‘relief' from the administration or wards was of little assistance. Individuals despite everything battled to make a decent living. The standard was that nobody got over the most reduced specialists wage, which was 12s to 15s per week. It was said that for an agreeable life, a laborer required a pay of 30s per week, inferring that couple of individuals had an agreeable life. In 1885, it was accounted for that 25% of the populace lived in destitution, nonetheless, after Charles Booth examined, and composed Labor and Life of the People, he found that really 35% of the populace were in neediness. In basic terms, it was more earnestly to get help in the nineteenth century. Today there are fourteen sorts of advantages, including: benefits in kind for representatives, kid upkeep, committee tax reduction, inability and carers benefits, lodging advantage, inadequacy advantage, pay related advantages, invalid consideration stipend, moms, widows and families benefits, retirement remittance, legal wiped out compensation, joblessness advantage, unfit for work advantages and war annuities and mechanical wounds. While in the nineteenth century, it was an advancement to have the poor law, today there are 2.7 million individuals asserting inadequacy advantage, and the legislature are attempting to diminish this number. 1.610% of the populace are on insufficiency advantage; this is an enormous distinction from what it was in the 1800's. In spite of the fact that there are such a significant number of sorts of advantages, the legislature has gotten progressively dynamic in getting individuals into work. The disposition of the legislature is that they need however many individuals in function as would be prudent; they have presented plans, for example, EMA, something that could never have been thought of in the nineteenth century. Individuals' mentality was that the administration were taking care of the expanding neediness, to the detriment of the economy. In any case, for what reason is the administration making changes to benefits? Basically society has an obligation to think about those incapable to work. The legislature have acquainted new plans with keep individuals from manhandling benefits, something very similar that the administration did in the 1800's when government assistance was presented. The progressions proposed are probably going to isolate the genuinely debilitated or those experiencing terminal conditions, for example, malignancy, who are far-fetched ever to come back to work, from those professing to be weakened by a â€Å"bad back† or gloom. Individuals' mentalities have changed colossally from the 1800's to the current day. In the poor law days, going into the workhouse was dishonorable; individuals did as much as possible to forestall this, it was the most reduced they could go. The workhouse conditions were awful, starvation was frequently a typical factor, families were isolated and individuals' pride and rights weren't an issue. Individuals' mentalities today have changed a lot throughout the years not on the grounds that government assistance benefits have changed, but since individuals' fundamental human rights have gotten to a greater degree a factor. It is normal that individuals who cannot take care of and care for themselves or their family, can get help from the legislature. Along these lines of reasoning has grown somewhat from the first poor law. Individuals began imagining that they expected to help other people, regardless of whether it implied making good on in charges. Today, despite the fact that individuals aren't ‘proud' of getting advantage, it has gotten increasingly satisfactory; it is workable for individuals to remain on benefits their entire lives be that as it may, it costs the administration à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½12 billion per year to support benefits. This additional spending has been condemned by specific gatherings. There a ton of contrasts somewhere in the range of nineteenth and 21st century government assistance advantage. Individuals' mentalities today imply that it is normal for individuals to get benefits. They realize that they can fill in a frame and get in any event à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½55 per week, excluding youngster recompense. Today individuals can live similarly just as individuals who work, which has caused some dissent. While it appears that in the nineteenth century, government assistance was a final hotel, they would not like to get help, halfway in light of the fact that the standard of help here and there wasn't better than being left to starve. From old maps of London, it can been seen that individuals used to live near others of various classes, while today, all things considered, individuals move to places that are inside a similar level of pay. This shows another way that mentalities have changed, that individuals aren't happy to live approach individuals who can't bolster themselves, or they live close to individuals of comparative methods. In any case, a few similitudes can be found, in spite of the fact that it very well may be expected that today perspectives have gotten progressively loose, the present government attempts to stay watchful as it was years back. The legislature know about individuals abusing the advantage, thus have picked the demeanor to battle the individuals who abuse it. This could incorporate detainment and fines and so forth. Individuals had to a greater extent a prevalent mentality towards individuals on benefits in the 1800's, it was expected by some that these poor were too apathetic to even consider working and the equivalent can be said for now. Be that as it may, the hidden standard despite everything stays, in the nineteenth century and 21st, government assistance benefits are intended to help individuals, and in spite of the fact that individuals may have various emotions about those dependant on government assistance, the advantages will at present stay set up.

Jean-Paul Sartre Bad Faith - Free Essay Example

Bad faith by Jean-Paul Sartre notes that human beings when they are under pressure act irrationally where they end up adopting false values by disowning their innate freedom due to the pressure of social forces. This is a close reflection of self-deception and resentment due to factors and conditions which an individual can not be able to change. Existentialism through a critical claim notes that human beings are free to make their choices and guide their life towards the path or goal which they have decided to follow. Therefore human beings can not escape this reality by going contrary to the existentialism freedom but outside and external forces may limit an individuals ability to go out of this freedom, and that is known as facticity. This means that these forces can not push somebody to act outside certain realms because another can not overrun one course of action. This is because no matter what an individual does they still have freedom of choice on the actions which they chose. The consciousness of a person is their being-for-itself because the consciousness is nothingness because it can not be pointed out as a thing the way people point out at tables, chairs or their hands and legs . Thus Sartre defined consciousness as being a definition of itself which is conscious. This is what consciousness means by being-for-itself because it can be defined as conscious to infinity, it will always be conscious of itself. Being in itself is existentialism being how a person conducts themselves when they are present with choices of being different they stick to the virtues which they know to be true without going out of the consciousness. Being for others means that the decisions which an individual makes are all influenced by outside forces and what they action would result to if they acted in a particular manner . In that instance, the person does not control their freedom because it is based on the reaction of others. By doing that the individual would be acting in an unauthentic deceitful manner which goes against existentialism. The look plays a major role in others because human beings are judgmental and the perspective which they offer to a stranger is what remains as the image of that person unless there is a change. This change is what the new definition of the individual becomes because there was a transformation from the first moment of encounter to the second incidence. Bad faith according to Sartre is the habit that people develop by deceiving themselves that the choices they have made are the correct ones for fear that there will be consequences for their actions. By acting on these parameters, it means that the chance of doing something which goes against the set virtues limits somebody’s freedom of expressing their true self. This sets a person as a being-in-itself rather than being-for-itself because they are akin to an object rather than acting as a conscious human being . The example where the waiter plays the role of bad faith by acting a waiter even though they are human being though they have been conditioned to give a service of waiting at the restaurant means that human beings can not live a life which is not in bad faith. This is because most of an individuals life is set to follow particular procedures by the systems which have been set by the law and the rules and regulations which people follow so that they can not be outside the normality. The daily activities that people engage in conform them to act in a certain manner, and this is exemplified by practicing those habits and making them seem normal . The waiter knows nothing else except to do that job which they have perfected over time and trying to control them to leave the role of acting as waiters will deprive them of a consciousness decision which they have made. This means that the waiter has another life which they do not live in pretense but due to the conditioning of the environment which is being-in-itself because they are at the mercy of their employer. Therefore no amount of persuasion can make them leave their post of doing their job unless they are given the freedom of doing as they please, and they still retain the status quo of providing to their dependants and find means of paying for their daily needs . The incidence where the woman gives her hand to a gentleman who has taken her to dinner, and he is openly flirting with her so that she knows his intentions shows a different existential freedom which involves a person making decisions by following their consciousness. The difference between the lady and the waiter is the choices and freedom which they have been presented with according to the role they are playing. The lady is given unlimited choices on how to act to the advances of the gentleman whereas the waiter is confined to act to the role they are tasked with. This shows that human beings are subject to the double property of coordinating and doing things which are between facticity and transcendence and when people understand these two dimensions then they can understand bad faith. In that context, it shows that people can not live a life which is not in bad faith because the existence of the universe is based on irrationality and no matter how a person behaves their choic es will always catch up to them. The caress is like an extension of Sartre’s work on the look because of the close connectivity these two senses act in the definition of the consciousness of human beings. According to Mazis’s article on Sartre, there is close similarity on the definition of these two functions of human action because they are supposed to invoke emotions which make a person follow a certain degree when choosing what to act and follow. While the caress offers comfort and assurance, it is subjective to manipulate the recipient to act on varied reasoning which could not have happened if it was not there. This expression between people is being-for-itself because the person who this gesture is extended to will take some time before expressing the opinion which the caress is intended. To do contrary to this, the person needs an aggravated approach if they are supposed to act in a particular manner, but even in that situation, the person will still question the reason for the caress. This sho ws that in all the incidences the person had the freedom to chose what their actions would lead to and in that essence the absolute freedom comes from their consciousness . If consciousness is conscious then the person who the action of caress is being done on acts to imply the hand as an object and not part of their body which is an acknowledgment on their freedom to make choices . The look, on the other hand, acts with the same purpose as the hand but most of the time there are usually mixed reactions which an individual express from the look. By being given a look the person may act like they do not know what it means, but they would be acting in bad faith by pretending that they do not know. In that incidence, they will have lost their freedom because they will act to please themselves rather than act in according to the virtues which would guide them without fear of being judged. The context of the look shows that man being-in-itself because once they act in a manner that is contrary to what their observers require they then know there will be consequences whether they are good or bad . In committing bad faith, it does not mean that the person does not know what they are doing, but they direct and express themselves as that thing which is supposed to be judged by what it does. In doing that they forget that the consciousness of a human being acts mechanically to cause thoughts and actions which are subjective to personal freedoms of choice and they will always remain subjective to their conscious. Due to the implications by feminists that they should be subjected to the same opportunities and ideologies without discrimination and the means which those roles are achieved should not be subjected to favors due to the sex . This means that women would want to take full control of their responsibility and freedom which is contrary to Sartre’s belief of the existence of a human being should not be based on a reason to exist. By this response, the atheist nature of existentialist views that Sartre closely observed the reference of the female is defined by a phallus because the feminists demand the same respect as men. This reference by feminists is subjective to another object where in this instance is a man. By wanting to be treated as exactly how a man is treated, they objectify the man as being-in-itself because a feminist does not exist but a woman exists . This means that the woman makes herself to be a feminist and in doing so the woman comes to experience herself as an object like a chair. This is the reason why Sartre refers to women as objects who are constants demanding attention and approval from the males so that they can objectify some of the actions which they engage in their desire for equality. If women required to be treated as any other person because they exist as they are then consciously that would be being-for-itself because they would have accepted who they are without referring to the man and that is where freedom begins due to self-acceptance.

Gothic review - 1035 Words

‘To understand the chronicles they must be read as gay’ , at least this is the incredibly bold statement made by George Haggerty in his chapter on Anne Rice and the Queering of Culture in his book Queer Gothic. There is no denying that Anne Rice’s Vampires have a lot to do with homosexuality and Haggerty’s highlighting this is in no way a new criticism, but the claim that is must be read as gay is entirely dismissive of the many other sexual paradigms that exist within The Vampire Chronicles. To begin with, his referral of Lestat as a ‘gay predator’ seems unfair in its definition. The fact of his being a vampire automatically asserts him as a ‘predator’, but his relationships are not exclusively homosexual. He is a vampire that merely†¦show more content†¦Yet, in Blood Canticle, written five years after Haggerty’s essay, it is Rowan who Lestat finally and selflessly loves – selflessness not being an attribute we have known greatly in his character until this point. As Haggerty says, Rice is ‘eroticizing the gay man’ whilst at the same time undermining it by portraying the homosexual relationships as heavily sexual, violent and deviant in comparison to the more nurturing, romantic relationship Lestat has with Rowan. The Vampires in the novels explore sexual deviancy, but are always ultimately punished in doing so. The homosexual parentage of Louis and Lestat to Claudia and of Armand to Sybelle and Benji are both destroyed in their own way. Claudia and Louis’ final rejection of Lestat and Armand’s failure in being able to protect Sybelle and Benji from Marius, are both examples of homosexual families being explored and then finally being punished for going against the accepted social norm of 20th century culture. This supports Haggerty’s claim that readers want to ‘explore unauthorized desires and at the same time see them bleed’, by exploring and then destroying homosexual relationships repeatedly throughout the collection. When reading the characters as ‘homosexual’ as Haggerty suggests, this punishment dynamic makes it unavoidable to find truth in Haggerty’s claim that RiceShow MoreRelated Comparing Poe’s Fall of the House of Usher a nd Taylor’s Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time1069 Words   |  5 PagesVarious authors develop their stories using gothic themes and characterizations of this type to lay the foundation for their desired reader response. Although Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and Peter Taylor’s â€Å"Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time† are two completely different narratives, both of these stories share a commonality of gothic text representations. The stories take slightly different paths, with Poe’s signifying traditional gothic literature and Taylor approaching his storyRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1203 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be a gothic novel. Gothic literature took place mostly in England from 1790 to 1830, falling into the category of Romantic literature. 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Compare and Contrast the Treatment of Femininity in Pygmalion and Medea free essay sample

In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the way in which two different authors portray femininity in their respective dramatic texts. The two works I am using are Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw and Medea by Euripides. I will be looking at how the way men and women are portrayed can affect the way we interpret the texts, and showing that femininity isn’t necessarily a trait restricted just to women. I believe that femininity reflects expected female behaviour. There are certain traits which are believed to be typically male or female. Male traits tend to be more physical such as the fact that they are dominant, stronger whereas female traits are much softer, more emotional. In ancient Athenian society such things as ‘bravery in battle’ and ‘general competitive excellence in a public arena’(1) were considered masculine whereas women were relegated to ‘looking after the household and bringing up their children’(2). However, femininity has changed as times have changed. It reflects the acceptable social behaviour of the period. As women were seen as more equal to men, the restrictions on them lessened. So by the time Pygmalion was written in 1912 it was acceptable for women to support themselves: something that was unheard of in Medea’s time. When Pygmalion was written the woman’s movement was well underway and women were starting to demand rights and become more independent. It was no longer assumed that women would marry just to be looked after. Men no longer automatically took the controlling role. Eliza is a prime example of this as although she is not very well off she is self sufficient as a flower-girl. Medea on the other hand is set at a time when women were completely submissive to their husbands. Once married all of their property automatically became their husbands. Medea has no legal political rights; not only because she is a women but also because she is an outsider. Medea’s reference to women being ‘weak and timid in most matters’ (3) (line 260) reflects the general view of women by society. The way the two pieces are written and acted are also completely different. Medea would have been played by an all male cast to a predominantly, if not exclusively male audience, whereas Pygmalion was acted by both men and women. In Medea actors would have worn female masks, which lack emotion and cover up facial expressions. Right from the beginning the play takes on an unrealistic air as women and men wouldn’t have been able to debate in public as Medea and Jason did. Theatrical space is very important. It was traditional in ancient Athenian time for women to occupy inside space, however due to the physical arrangement of the theatre; this would have meant that Medea preformed the whole play from behind the Skene. Bringing Medea outside made for better viewing and meant that she was able to ‘compete(s) on equal terms with her male opponents’(4) . Both Eliza and Medea display a number of what would be considered masculine traits. Right from the beginning we learn that Medea has a very forceful personality and is a very strong character. She points out to Jason that she ‘saved his life’ (5)(line 475) and helped him get where he is by making sacrifices herself. Although Jason disagrees with her he doesn’t take the credit himself, instead he credits the Gods. We can also look at Eliza in the same way. Although she is lower class she also comes across as strong and wilful and capable of looking after and supporting herself rather than needing a man to do it. Eliza shows her stereotypically female side because she is fairly emotional and prone to outbreaks of crying. Medea uses her femininity to her advantage. She is very strong and forceful when dealing with Jason; however she assumes the submissive position of kneeling down when talking to Creon and cries to appeal to his sensitive side. She also turns on the charm with Aegeus and portrays herself as the suffering victim to ensure his help once she has had her revenge. Both Eliza and Medea are treated as property by the dominant men in their lives. Eliza’s father is happy to sell her to Higgins just to get her off his hands and Jason is quite happy to cast Medea aside when he finds a new wife. Both men however believe they are acting in the women’s best interest. Jason because he believes it will secure his family’s future and Mr Doolittle because he can’t afford to look after his daughter and thinks she will be better of with Higgins. Medea and Eliza are both put in vulnerable positions, Medea because if Jason leaves her she will be an outsider and neither her nor her sons will have any rights. Eliza is left in a difficult position because before Higgins decided to turn her in to a lady she had a job and could support herself, now however she is unable to get a job and needs to rely on someone else to look after her. This concern is reflected throughout the play by various characters and even by Eliza herself when she asks ‘why did you take my independence from me? ’(6) (Act 5, pg 101) Higgins comes across as bossy and a bully. He is extremely good at his job and believes that affords him the right to treat people as badly as he does. He almost doesn’t see Eliza as a woman but rather as a project so he isn’t worried about treating her ‘like a lady’ as long as she can behave like one when necessary. He doesn’t have any pre-conceptions on how women should be and is almost dismissive of those that marry just to be looked after. He even goes as far as saying that he thinks ‘a woman fetching a man’s slippers is a disgusting sight’ (Act 5, pg 100) (7). This re-emphasises Shaw’s belief and support of the women’s movement of the time. Shaw is eager to show that femininity isn’t necessarily a subservient thing. All of the main male characters in both plays display in part feminine characteristics, which both Medea and Eliza use to their advantage. When speaking to Creon Medea acts submissively by kneeling when speaking to him and appealing to his emotional side. Creon himself even admits that his ‘soft heart has often betrayed [him] (line 348-9)(8) , something which would be seen as a very feminine trait and definitely not something a King should admit to, as he should be all powerful and domineering. Compared to other women in the play Medea is by far the strongest. Although the Nurse also uses outdoor space she is scared of Medea and what she is capable of. The Chorus, which is made up of Corinthian women, plays a very prominent, important part in the play; however they are not strong enough to challenge Medea directly. They are in agreement that Jason’s behaviour is wrong but they don’t agree with the way Medea is going about seeking revenge. In Pygmalion Shaw uses Mrs Higgins to reinforce the theme of strong independent women. Mrs Higgins is clearly a woman of means and under no illusions about her son and his shortfalls. She is definitely the more dominant of the two characters and is more than happy to put Higgins in his place. She refers to him as a ‘silly boy’ which immediately shatters the illusion of him being masculine and dominant. Mrs Pearce, although of a different social class is also a fairly strong character and more than a match for Higgins. We see this in the way that she confronts him over his treatment of Eliza telling him that he ‘must be reasonable’ and he ‘cant walk over everybody’ (Act 2, pg 30) (9) Both plays end with the women leaving the men in their lives, enforcing the message that the females are the dominant characters. Shaw was a ‘self-proclaimed feminist’ and keen to portray Eliza as independent, hence the reason his play doesn’t end with Eliza conforming to type by marrying Higgins. The authors also use language as a way of differentiating between men and women. While Medea is in the private space her language is very emotive, full of anger and she can be heard ‘sobbing and wailing’ (line 202)(10) but as soon as she comes outside into the male domain her language automatically becomes more controlled and calm. Shaw also uses language to show a rougher more masculine side to Eliza when she says she wants to ‘smash’ Higgins face (Act 4, pg 76) (11). Medea uses very masculine language especially when talking about destroying her enemies. As Margaret Williamson(12) points out it gives Medea a ‘heroic dignity’ and further heightens the difference between her public and private voice. Eliza gets her own back on Higgins by denouncing his work in turning her into a lady. She credits Pickering for this knowing that it would get to Higgins. In contrast Medea uses Jason’s children to hurt him, which is much more drastic and spiteful. To sum up there are a number of ways that the authors of these plays portray femininity, such as the use of distinct language and submissive gestures. Both of the plays are centred around extremely competent women which shows how femininity can definitely be used to an advantage. The fact that the men in each of the plays also display feminine traits also shows that femininity itself is not strictly about women.

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